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Adaptations of works by Robert E. Howard
The works of Robert E. Howard (1906—1936) have been adapted into multiple media, the most famous being the Conan films starring Arnold Schwarzenegger. In addition to the Conan films, other adaptations have included ''Kull the Conqueror'' (1997) and ''Solomon Kane'' (2009). In television, the anthology series ''Thriller'' (1961) led the adaptations with an episode based on the short story "Pigeons from Hell." The bulk of the adaptations have, however, been based on Conan with two animated and one live action series. Multiple audio dramas have been adapted, from professional audio books and plays to LibriVox recordings of works in the public domain. Computer games have focussed on Conan, beginning with ''Conan: Hall of Volta'' (1984) and continuing on to the MMO ''Age of Conan: Hyborian Adventures'' (2008). The first table-top roleplaying game based on Howard's works was TSR's "Conan Unchained!" (1984) for their game Advanced Dungeons & Dragons. The first comic book adaptation was in the Mexican ''Cuentos de abuelito - La reina de la Costa Negra'' #8 (1952). Howard related comic books continued to be published to the present day. Howard is an ongoing inspiration for and influence on heavy metal music. Several bands have adaptated Howard's works to tracks or entire albums. The British metal band Bal-Sagoth is named after Howard's story "The Gods of Bal-Sagoth."
==Film==
Five films have been based on Howard's works: ''Conan the Barbarian'' (1982), ''Conan the Destroyer'' (1984), both starring Arnold Schwarzenegger; ''Kull the Conqueror'' (1997), starring Kevin Sorbo; ''Solomon Kane'' (2010); and ''Conan the Barbarian'' (2011) starring Jason Momoa. Another film, ''Red Sonja'' (1985), was based on a character created by Roy Thomas and Barry Windsor-Smith who had in turn based the character on a conflation of various Howard characters. A script for a third Conan film, called ''King Conan: Crown of Iron'', was written in 2002 by John Milius. This film was to have again starred Arnold Schwarzenegger as an older Conan, now king of Aquilonia, alongside his adult son. The Wachowski brothers were reported as interested in producing the script but these plans were cancelled when Schwarzenegger became Governor of California in 2003. Howard himself was played by Vincent D'Onofrio in the 1996 biographical film ''The Whole Wide World'', based on the books ''One Who Walked Alone'' and ''Day of the Stranger'' by Novalyne Price Ellis.
Several further movies are in development. ''Conan: Red Nails'', a direct-to-DVD animated version of "Red Nails" was announced in 2005. Ron Perlman was cast as Conan with Cree Summer as Valeria.〔Swordplay Entertainment〕 Peter Berg was signed up in 2008 as the director of a film based on and titled Bran Mak Morn. ''Vultures'', based on the novella "The Vultures of Wahpeton" was announced in 2006 and expected to be released in 2011.
In 2003, a short film adaptation of Howard's short story "Casonetto's Last Song", directed by Brenda Dau and Derek M. Koch, was featured as an official selection of the H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival.〔("Casonetto's Last Song" at the IMDB )〕〔(H. P. Lovecraft Film Festival )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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